How to Refresh Excel Data Source in Tableau

Connecting an Excel spreadsheet to Tableau is one of the most common ways to start building your first dashboard. The complication often comes later: you've updated your Excel file with fresh numbers, but your Tableau dashboard is still showing old data. This article will walk you through exactly how to refresh your Excel data source so your reports always reflect the latest information.

First, Understand Why Your Data Isn't Updating

Tableau doesn't constantly "watch" your linked Excel file for changes in real-time. It needs to be told when to look for new data. The way it does this depends entirely on whether you're using a live connection or a data extract. This choice is the root of most refresh issues, so understanding the difference is the first step to solving the problem.

When you first connect to your Excel file, Tableau gives you this choice in the top-right corner of the Data Source page. Choosing the right one for your situation makes managing updates much easier down the road.

Live Connection: Real-Time-ish Data

A live connection means Tableau queries your Excel file directly every time you open the workbook or update a view. If your Excel file is on a shared network drive and multiple people are updating it, a live connection ensures you're generally looking at the most current data available in that file whenever you interact with the dashboard.

• Pros: Data is as fresh as the underlying file. No need for scheduled refreshes.
• Cons: Can be slower, especially with large or complex spreadsheets. The performance of your dashboard is tied to the speed of accessing that file.

Data Extract (.hyper): A High-Speed Snapshot

An extract is a highly compressed snapshot of your data that Tableau stores in its own high-performance database format (a .hyper file). When you create an extract, Tableau ingests the data from your Excel file one time and then performs all future calculations using this optimized copy.

• Pros: Much faster performance, great for large datasets, and makes your workbook portable since the data is saved within it.
• Cons: The data is static. It's a snapshot in time and does not change until you manually refresh it. This is the most common reason dashboards show outdated information.

How to Manually Refresh Your Excel Data in Tableau Desktop

Whether you're using a live connection or an extract, Tableau Desktop provides straightforward ways to manually tell your workbook to grab the latest data from your Excel spreadsheet.

For Live Connections

If you're using a live connection, getting the latest data is usually as simple as opening the Tableau workbook. But if you have it open while the source Excel file is being edited, you can trigger a refresh in a couple of ways:

• Press the F5 key on your keyboard.
• Click the "Refresh" button (a circular arrow icon) in the toolbar at the top.

This forces Tableau to re-query the Excel file and update all the visualizations in your view with the current data.

For Data Extracts

If you’re using an extract, simply pressing F5 won’t work. You need to tell Tableau to go back to the original Excel file and rebuild the extract with new data. There are two primary ways to do this:

1. A Full Refresh on the Data Source

This is the most common method. It completely replaces your old extract with an updated one.

1. Navigate to your worksheet or dashboard.
2. In the "Data" pane on the left, right-click on your data source name.
3. In the menu that appears, hover over "Extract" and then select "Refresh".

Tableau will briefly show a dialog box as it connects to the original Excel file and reconstructs the .hyper extract. Once it's finished, all of your charts and tables will update with the new data.

2. An Incremental Refresh (For Appended Data)

A full refresh is great, but if your Excel file is massive and you're only adding new rows at the bottom (like daily sales logs), an incremental refresh can be much faster. It only adds the new rows instead of rebuilding the entire extract.

To set this up:

1. Go to the Data Source page.
2. Select the Extract radio button (if it's not already selected).
3. Click the "Edit..." link that appears next to it.
4. In the dialogue box, check the box for "Incremental refresh."
5. Specify the column that Tableau should use to identify new rows (usually a date, timestamp, or a unique ID that increases sequentially).
6. Click OK.

Now, when you right-click the data source and refresh the extract, Tableau will only look for and import rows that are "newer" based on the column you specified, which can save a lot of time.

Handling Structural Changes to Your Excel File

What if you do more than just update values? Your dashboard can break or miss information if you add new columns or rows a certain way.

What Happens When You Add New Rows?

As long as the new rows are added within the existing table range that Tableau is pointed at, a standard refresh (live or extract) will pick them up automatically. If you're using an Excel Table (created with Insert > Table), any new rows you add will automatically be included in the table, and Tableau will find them on the next refresh.

What Happens When You Add New Columns?

This is a common "gotcha." If you add a new column to your Excel file, Tableau won't see it after a simple extract refresh. The extract's structure is already defined and doesn't know about the new field.

To get Tableau to recognize a newly added column:

1. Go to the Data Source tab at the bottom left of your Tableau screen.
2. You'll see a preview of your data, but the new column will be missing.
3. Look for the small "Refresh data source" icon (circular arrows) located right above the data source pane and next to the "Connections" section.
4. Click this icon. Tableau will re-read the schema of your Excel file and the new column will appear in the data preview grid. It will also now be available in the Data pane for you to use in your visualizations.

Automating Refreshes with Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud

Manually refreshing every morning is a hassle. If you have access to Tableau Server or Tableau Cloud, you can automate this entire process so your dashboards are always up-to-date for your team.

The key requirement for automation is that your Excel file must be stored in a location that the server can access, like a shared network drive. A file saved on your personal computer's desktop (e.g., C:\Users\YourName\Desktop\sales.xlsx) is inaccessible to the server.

Instead, use a UNC path, which looks like this: \\servername\sharename\path\sales.xlsx.

Once your file is in an accessible location, the process is:

1. In Tableau Desktop, ensure your data source is connected via the full UNC path.
2. Publish the workbook or the data source to Tableau Server/Cloud.
3. During the publishing process (or after), you will see an option to schedule an extract refresh.
4. Choose a schedule (e.g., daily at 7:00 AM) that works for your team.

Now, Tableau Server will automatically go to that network location at the scheduled time, refresh the data extract from the latest version of your Excel file, and have the dashboard ready with fresh data before your workday starts.

Troubleshooting Common Refresh Errors

Sometimes refreshes fail. Here are some of the most common issues and how to fix them quickly.

• File not found: This usually means the Excel file has been moved, renamed, or deleted. In Tableau Desktop, right-click the data source, choose "Edit Connection," and navigate to the file's new location or name.
• Data looks incorrect after a refresh: A column in your Excel file may have changed its data type (e.g., from numbers to text), or a title was renamed. Head back to the Data Source page in Tableau and investigate. Tableau might be showing that column as null or with incorrect values. Resetting the data types might fix it.
• Server refresh fails due to mismatched permissions: The credentials used by Tableau Server to run the refresh may not have permission to access the network file path. You'll need to work with your server admin to ensure the "Run As" account has proper read access to the file's location.

Final Thoughts

Keeping your Excel data fresh in Tableau comes down to understanding the difference between live and extract connections and knowing where to click to trigger an update. For single-user reports, manual refreshes in Tableau Desktop are simple, but for team-wide dashboards, the best solution is to automate the process through Tableau Server or Cloud using a shared file location.

While mastering refreshes is a valuable skill, it often points to a larger challenge: the time-consuming, manual process of pulling data from different platforms, copying it into spreadsheets, and managing connections. At Graphed, we automate that entire workflow. By instantly connecting all your marketing and sales platforms, you can use simple natural language - not complex connection settings - to build real-time dashboards that are always up-to-date, letting you focus on acting on your insights instead of just gathering them.